How to Find the Average Rate For Math Tutor Services

How to Find the Average Rate For Math Tutor ServicesThe average rate for math tutor services is highly dependent on the nature of the tutoring services that you are looking at. The mathematics tutor services that one is seeking can be advertised in various ways. The rates that they advertise will often vary greatly from service to service.One way to find the average rate for math tutor services is to call a variety of tutoring services. This is typically the cheapest option that many individuals use. You will need to be aware of the quality of the service that you are looking at before signing up with them.Other than calling, the next best way to find the average rate for math tutor services is to try to find a group of tutors that are offering the same service that you are seeking. By going to a school that has tutors that are certified and who are available all the time, you can often get a much better rate. In addition, this type of service will be less expensive than services tha t have individuals that are only available during school holidays or breaks. These are simply not qualified tutors.The truth about finding the average rate for math tutor services is that each tutor is different. Different tutors offer different things. Many times the teachers at a specific tutoring service that is used on a regular basis are also able to help in other areas of math.If you are not sure which type of tutor to select, you can use a tutor rating site that will rate tutors according to their skills and knowledge. You can go through these sites and select the best tutor, or you can search for individual tutors. You should compare each tutor to what you are seeking.The Internet is one of the best ways to find the average rate for math tutor services. If you have a computer and an Internet connection, you can use this method to find the best math tutor services. The website can give you reviews and ratings on the tutors who are available.Your first choice is to visit the w ebsites of some of the most well known and respected tutoring services. You will want to make sure that the tutor is certified by an organization like the Council for Independent Living or the National Association of Independent Living or some such organization. You will want to do this because most services are not certified and will not be able to offer you the services that you require.If you are looking for the average rate for math tutor services, you can find a great deal of information at your fingertips. All you need to do is spend a little time looking around and doing a little research. The final decision is up to you.

How to Get Started With Cell Biology Lectures

How to Get Started With Cell Biology LecturesWhat is Cell Biology? Cell Biology is a branch of Biology that deals with the structure and behavior of cells. We know that cells are in every living thing, but not everything we know about cells comes from the study of cells. Cell Biology is the study of all the structures and functions of living cells.Cell physiology: This one is pretty self explanatory. You will learn the different types of cells in the body, how they work, and how you can use this knowledge to help treat illnesses and improve our quality of life. You will also learn about the structures of the different cell types, which in turn will allow you to develop a better understanding of how to make them more efficient. In fact, some very successful pharmaceutical companies were started by scientists who focused on developing new drugs and drug treatments using cell structure as part of their success.Tissue culture: If you want to know more about Cell Biology, this is where yo u start. While Cell Biology is very detailed, it still relies on the study of cells as well as their different abilities. This means that any knowledge that can be learned from this area will be useful.Molecular Biology: When you get to Molecular Biology, you will learn all the molecular secrets of the body. This includes studying how various proteins interact and how this relates to the body and how the body's health is affected by the interaction of various proteins.Bioinformatics: This is where you learn about genetics, physiology, anatomy, and the formation of organs. In addition to this, you will learn how to use this knowledge to take advantage of these tools to help you diagnose diseases, manipulate cell line cultures, and build new tools that can help with research.Bioinformatics is the study of everything from gene regulation to cell biology, and the way the information about cell biology that is being used in these fields relates to each other. In fact, the scientific comm unity is increasingly focusing on this field as an area that needs more attention.To get a good grasp of Cell Biology, you need to get a good education in biology. Getting a bachelor's degree is usually your best bet, but if you cannot afford a lot of time and money, you may consider getting a PhD in Cell Biology or a MS in Cell Biology in order to specialize in your career.

A Level and GCSE Geography Revision A Complete Guide to Exam Preparation

A Level and GCSE Geography Revision A Complete Guide to Exam Preparation Let's Ace that Geography Revision ChaptersGeography: Not Just ‘Colouring In’Paying Attention, the First Time RoundTextbooks, Friends, and Online Resources: The Core Revision MaterialMaps and Geographical SkillsUsing Past Papers: Developing the Skills for Your Geography ExaminationsWhere to Find Extra Information? Reading Around Your Geography CurriculumRemembering to Ace those Geography Case StudiesFinding a Private Tutor to Get You through Your Geography Exams â€" at Whatever LevelTaking it Easy: Learning to NOT ReviseConclusion.When you reach the age of about fifteen, every year at secondary school seems to be split into two halves: the first, in which you are taught something, and the second, in which you are taken over it again. The second we call ‘revision’, a name which is probably fair, but which implies you’ve already learnt the thing that you are re-studying. We all know that this isn’t exactly true, as, at the start of the year, your exams feel far enough away to be hardly worth thinking about. So, like the rest of the students in your classroom, you don’t really take it all in, but rather bank â€" often correctly â€" that you are going to cover it again later in the year. At GCSE, this might immediately seem like the correct approach; by A Level, you should probably know a little better! Revising shouldn’t be learning from scratch, but merely filling the gaps in your knowledge and making sure everything sticks in your brain. It’s a lot less stressful this way.And, importantly, studying with friends makes the whole process much more enjoyable, and this is something that really needs to be achieved.Maps and Geographical SkillsBut geography isn’t all about the knowledge that you collect â€" the facts you learn, the statistics you find, the texts you have read. Rather, a really crucial part of the assessment framework â€" for both GCSE students and for students of A Level geography â€" is these things we call geographical skills. These are things like being able to re ad maps: what contour lines are, how to locate yourself and other geographic features, and what the main features of a landscape might be.It also refers to the skills that are required for reading diagrams accurately â€" taking data from a chart, for example â€" and identifying the key features of images. As you’ll see below, these are all things tested in the geography exam.How do you develop these skills? The most obvious response to this is to look at a map. What do these things show, and what information is included in them? Why are these important in the world today, and what do they actually tell us about our world? These are the questions you need to ask yourself when looking at them. SerenaGeography Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JoelGeography Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ChloeGeography Teacher £10/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MatthewGeography Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DavidGeography Teacher 5.00 (10) £32/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ConnieGeography Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LaurieGeography Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SamGeography Teacher £10/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsUsing Past Papers: Developing the Skills for Your Geography ExaminationsPast papers are the cornerstone of any revision programme, and if you have not made space for them in your timetable, then more fool you.Using past papers is the most authoritative way to test the knowledge that you have â€" and the appropriateness and relevance of that knowledge. Used in conjunction with the mark scheme â€" which will be available on your exam board’s website along with the past papers â€" they can show you the gaps in your knowledge as well as the bits that you solidly know.Use them from the very beginning of your revision, to keep track of progress and to reassure yourself that you are getting there.Another thing they offer is a chance to hone your exam technique. These days, we all write on the computer and phone â€" and the pace of our writing on these technologies is usually very high. Actual, old-fashioned handwriting though is a different story altogether and, as part of your exam technique is making sure you finish the paper, it is essential that you practise writing quickly by hand.Finally, past papers show you the sort of questions you should expect from the exam. The phrasing of the questions, the type of answers that the examiners are expecting, and the sorts of skills they are testing. As your exam paper â€" whether GCSE or A Level â€" will include questions on diagrams, maps, and images, you should practise these over and over, as often they will not require any external knowledge whatsoever. (As you have been reading maps though, you should be absolutely fine with this.)And remember, alongside the past papers and the mark schemes, you’ll find the course specification â€" which shows you precisely the topics, themes, and ideas that you will be tested on â€" and the previous years’ examiner’s reports. These often tell you the pitfalls of previous students â€" so pay attention to these too!There are specific articles on GCSE geography past papers and A Level geography past papers with us too!Where to Find Extra Information? Reading Around Your Geography CurriculumWe said above that textbooks aren’t sufficient to get you to achieve the highest grades. They are great, but not everything.You will, instead, be expected to read around the topics that you are covering in your course â€" especially if you are an A Level student. This shows the examiner that you are able to apply to new things the knowledge and skills that you have learned in class. For A Level students, you can find some handy tips on where to start with our article on A-Level geography revision.In brief, let’s say here that books, magazines, and newspapers are your best bet. Newspapers like The Guar dian, The New York Times, and The Times are all very prestigious publications that often report on geographical issues from urban geography to globalization and migration. The Guardian’s ‘Cities’ section might be a great resource for you specifically â€" or else you can try magazines like National Geographic, which focus specifically on geography.Otherwise, there are many best-selling books that cover geographical topics, and you won’t have too much trouble tracking down some very readable, engaging, and even fun ones.Newspapers are full of info that could be helpful for your geography revision.Remembering to Ace those Geography Case StudiesThese resources can provide the main source of information for your case studies â€" those examples of geographical phenomena that seem to dominate GCSEs and A Levels. Find as much data on these as you can and try your best to find case studies that actually interest you.It cannot be stressed enough how important case studies are for your geography courses. They pin down your theory and concepts into real-life examples and are essentially an exercise in applying your knowledge to something real. Do not neglect them!Finding a Private Tutor to Get You through Your Geography Exams â€" at Whatever LevelWhat might also be helpful is for you to seek sessions with a private tutor. Often super-qualified and experienced â€" and usually alumni of geography courses at universities â€" academic tutors can make a huge difference to your revision, whether it’s for talking you through thorny theoretical issues or for setting you extra work during the revision period.Superprof is a great place to find private tuition, at any level, and you can take classes both online and face-to-face in the comfort of your own home.Taking it Easy: Learning to NOT ReviseFinally, it’s important to know that revision should not be an exercise in solitude or in self-imprisonment in your own room. And neither is it a fifteen hour a day job.Revise w ell, and revise efficiently, but don’t wear yourself out doing it. Make sure that you take time to relax, and make sure that, at some moments at least, you precisely don’t revise. You have to switch off.Conclusion.Check out our dedicated guides to GCSE geography revision and A Level geography revision too!

Lipids

Lipids Lipids Lipids are large organic compounds which occur naturally, they are usually insoluble in water. Since they are nonpolar they are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as ether, chloroform, Benzene, Toluene, Di ethyl ether and so on. The composition of the lipids usually consists of hydrocarbons and are the reduced forms of carbon. Lipids exists in the structure of the living cells mostly in the hormones, vitamins and non-protein membrane of the cell. They are one of the most important group of compound involved in the life of an organism. When oxidized lipids do release large amount of energy, which is useful for the living organisms. The lipids include molecules in fatty acids, natural oil, wax, soaps and detergents, terpenes, phospholipids and many other. Shown below are different types of lipids: Fatty Acids: The natural fatty acids are divided into two categories saturated and unsaturated. The saturated fatty acids have higher melting points when compared to the unsaturated fatty acids having the same size. The fatty acids are made of long carbon hydrogen chains which end with the carboxylic group. The chain of carbons are usually between 4 and 24 atoms long and having Oxygen, Halogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur functional groups attached. An example for the structure of a saturated Fatty acid is: An example for the structure of an unsaturated Fatty acid is: The structure for Linoleic acid is: Soaps and detergents: The soaps and detergents are used for the cleaning purposes when mixed in water. The soaps are formed when sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate are added to natural fatty acid. The detergents reduce the surface tension of liquids such as water due to the presence of the surfactants. The molecule consists of non-polar hydrocarbon chain and the iconic polar head group. These compounds are thus used for cleaning as they can penetrate and wet different materials. Here the above molecule is called sodium stearate. There are different types of detergents: Anionic detergent: They consists of long hydrocarbon chains and a negatively charged water soluble ionic group. They are known as surfactants or alkyl benzene sulfonates. Cationic detergents: They also consists of long hydrocarbon chains with positively charged water soluble ionic group. They are mostly used in shampoos and are derivatives of ammonium. Neutral detergents: Like the anionic and the cationic detergents they also contain long hydrocarbons, whereas the overall charge is neutral. Natural detergents: These are naturally made in the liver and the main function of this lipid is digestions. They are the derivative of cholesterol. Waxes: The esters of fatty acids consisting of monohydric alcohol which is one hydroxyl group is called as waxes. The natural wax is found on the leaves and fruits of the plants or trees. They have a wax coating to retain the moisture and prevent dehydration or harm from small insects. Mentioned below are few verities of waxes and their applications: Name of the wax Formula Uses of the wax Spermaceti CH3 (CH2)14 CO2-(CH2)15 CH3 Cosmetics and leatherworking Carnuba wax CH3 (CH2)14 CO2- (CH2)15 CH3 Floor waxes and polishes Beeswax CH3 (CH2)24 CO2- (CH2)29 CH3 Consumption Here is a list of some lipids and where they are found: Phospholipid They are the major component in the cell membrane. Terpenes They are majorly produced by the plants. Steroids lipid They are found in plants, animals and fungi Glycerolipids or triglycerides They are the fat storage lipids in the body Biological functions of lipids in the body: Cholesterol formation: The cholesterol is present in the cell membrane and also in blood as plasma lipoproteins. These lipoproteins are complex aggregates of lipids and proteins which help the lipids travel throughout the body using the watery or aqueous solutions. Storage of energy: The triacylglycerols are the fat storing lipids. As the name signifies they are made of three fatty acids and one glycerol. They release energy in the body during the time of need and form the structural components of cell.

The Pros and Cons of Online Guitar Lessons

The Pros and Cons of Online Guitar Lessons Megan L. So youve heard about online guitar lessons but youre not convinced theyre right for you? Guitar teacher  Edward B.  shares the benefits and drawbacks he has learned from teaching live online lessons Live online guitar lessons are filling a much-needed gap in society’s need for lessons, especially for students in rural areas who don’t have access to music teachers, and busy students who have trouble fitting lessons into their schedules. I’ve given guitar lessons quite successfully via Skype and Google Hangouts, and have found this method of teaching benefits students in the following ways: Quality Teachers I believe it is better to have Skype lessons with an excellent teacher than it is to have in-person lessons with a mediocre teacher. Searching for a guitar teacher online gives you even more options to choose from since youre not restricted to your small local region. No Traveling You don’t have to fight traffic to get to your guitar teacher’s studio. Also, when a student is five or ten minutes late, I give them a courtesy call in case they forgot. But if they live 15 minutes away and they have a 30 minute lesson, it’s hardly worth it for them to come late. Taking lessons online means no missed lessons due to forgetfulness since the student and teacher can connect 30 seconds after the courtesy call. Convenient Scheduling There are more options for choosing the best day and time for the lesson when you look at all the teachers available online versus just the teachers in your local area. Convenience of Recording Lessons While students always have the option to record their face-to-face lessons, that almost never happens (at least, in the history of my teaching). But you can easily record Skype and Google+ lessons for review at a later time with software like Evaer and Super Tin Tin, or for audio only: Pamela MP3 Skype, or RecorderVodBurner. Immediate Practicing While face-to-face students must drive home before practicing what they learned, online students can practice immediately after the lesson when ideas are fresh. The first practice session will always be of higher quality when it is done immediately after the lesson than if it is done the next day, and the first practice session is the most important session of the entire week. Warming Up You can warm up right before your lesson, only stopping seconds before the lesson begins. This lets you show off your best playing to your teacher each week instead of starting rusty. Increased Student Performance Students actually spend more time performing during distance lessons than in face-to-face lessons. Don’t Have To Be In The Same Room You won’t need to cancel lessons because you had the flu two days before, because during online lessons you can’t pass illness on to your teacher. Transferring Instructional Music Files I can simply email mp3 audios and screenshare or email music documents. Of course there are also a few drawbacks to choosing online guitar lessons No Physical Touch Sometimes the most efficient way to achieve technical results with a student is to physically manipulate their wrists, fingers, elbows, etc. while their hands are on the strings. Your online guitar teacher wont be able to give you physical adjustments if needed.  Dependent Upon Internet Connection The student and teacher must both have a fast Internet connection, and even if they do, sometimes there are days when Internet backbones are lagging, ISPs are having trouble, etc., although that’s a rare occurrence. Glitches still happen sometimes with Skype and Google Hangouts but seem to be happening less as the technology develops.  Sound Quality Even with a fast Internet connection, sound quality does not resemble the quality of a CD or the quality of hearing the student in person. Having said that, I feel that I’m still able to judge tone quality acceptably well. Looking From a Different Angle Sometimes (but not very often), I’ll walk to the other side of the student in order to see what their hands look like from the other side, in cases where I have to look specifically at the left hand position. Since I can’t do that in an online guitar lesson, students have to reposition their webcams. Distractions Students may be more distracted at home by noises made by siblings, animals, neighbors, etc, than they would be at a teachers studio. All things considered, I believe there are effective ways of working around these issues. Interested in trying online guitar lessons? Find a great guitar teacher online now! Edward B. has a degree in Guitar Performance and owns and operates his own private instruction studio in Wailuku, HI. He has  over 25 years of performing and professional teaching experience and is currently an instructor  for the University of Hawaii and The Maui Music Conservatory. Learn more about Edward here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher Photo by  sean dreilinger

Everything to Know About Learning Italian

Everything to Know About Learning Italian Want to Speak Italian Fluently? Here's How ChaptersLearning Italian through ErasmusLearn Italian through a Study AbroadFinish Your Higher Studies in a Foreign LanguageItalian Language learning in ItalyLearning how to speak Italian can be a frustrating, but exciting, journey. Everything from understanding Italian pronunciation, colloquial phrases, difficult grammar and vocabulary. Learning how to speak a new language, however, can be taken to a new level by choosing to study abroad.For many students, the option to study abroad opens up a world of opportunities. Not only will a stay in Italy improve your skills in a language you are passionate about, but will also lead to acquiring skills you never knew you needed â€" such as international networking and living independently.If you’d like to know more about what it’s like to study abroad, and what your options are, it can be difficult to get started on researching all that studying in Italy has to offer. Luckily, this guide will take you through some of the most important q uestions you could have while investigating whether or not studying abroad is worth it.From choosing which programs are available for studying abroad, to understanding what an average monthly budget in Italy might look like, these tips serve as a starting point to what will, hopefully, end up being an unforgettable study abroad experience!Learning Italian words and Italian verbs can go a long way!Tuition fees1000 Insurance150 Food50 per weekLeisure40 per weekTotal1000 per monthLearn Italian through a Study AbroadWhether or not you will be enrolled in Italian courses or a language school during your trip abroad, or if you’re seeking to learn to speak Italian through working, the first step in your preparation for stay in Italy should be to test how fluent you are in the Italian language.Your journey to learn to speak Italian should start with understanding the types of tests that will be appropriate for your situation. While there are many tests that claim to test your fluency i n Italian phrases and culture, there are two tests that will be recognized throughout Italy: the Certificazione di Italiano come Lingua Straniera (CILS) and the Certificato dell’Italiano Commerciale (CIC). The information for deadlines, fees and requirements are normally posted for these tests for Italian online.If you’re worried your lessons in Italian vocabulary and grammar weren't’ enough to prepare you to understand the intricacies of the Italian education, medical and housing system, there is no need to worry. Information about the academic year in Italy starts with understanding that there are 60 universities in Italy. These are broken into 17 private universities, where two are especially equipped for international studies. The normal academic semester starts in September or November.Knowing the Italian housing system can teach you many things about Italian culture. The main options for foreigners in terms of accommodation can be found in university residences, public l odging, and shared apartments. Some examples of this are working in Hostels in exchange for accommodation, finding flat shares, or being housed by your university.If you’re worried about the kinds of healthcare options that will be available to you, it will be helpful to start by signing up for the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, or SSN. For more information on this, look to the website for the Italian Ministry of Public Health, or Ministero della Salute.Language skills allow you to travel the worldFinish Your Higher Studies in a Foreign LanguageIf you’re interested in taking learning a new language to the next level, and you’ve decided to do so by studying abroad, there are many administrative tasks you will have to prepare for before being able to take advantage of perfecting your knowledge of Italian language and culture.While we’ve already discussed the importance of taking language tests to determine your skills as a beginner or intermediate Italian learner, obtaining a v isa will be an equally as important task in jour journey towards studying in Italy.Depending on how long your stay will be in Italy, and the purpose of the trip, you will either have to get a tourist or student visa. If you stay exceeds 90 days in Italy, you will have to apply for the latter. Having a conversation with your Italian consulate or embassy about the types of documents you will have to provide is vital. However, in general, you will be required to hand over your passport, a round-trip plane ticket, proof of sufficient financial means, and acquire valid health insurance.If think you might be in need of financial aid to sponsor your Italian lessons in Italy, start by checking out the tuition fees for the school for which you would like to apply or the additional fees involved in a study exchange. The main types of scholarships that can be available to you as a student involve either the Erasmus scholarship or the ones awarded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.If y ou’re looking for some resources for your stay in Italian online, be sure to check out the website of the many Italian cultural institutes spread throughout the world.and Italian language course can change your lifeItalian Language learning in ItalyIf you’re already passed the level of Italian for beginners and are seeking an opportunity for speaking Italian through an immersion program that isn’t Erasmus, you can apply to the Italian University independent of any organization. Whether your goal is to study Italian language and literature, or want to take Italian courses and programs in other subjects, you will need to start by choosing a university.An important first step for this process is to understand the European Credit System, or ECTS. Your trip to Italy will be made much simpler if you determine which university will accept your foreign diploma and what types of programs will correspond with your level of Italian fluency.If you’re worried about taking Italian languag e courses and if what level of conversational Italian you will have to speak throughout the course of your program, it is important to first understand what types of programs you would like to apply to. Here is a list of some of the top universities in Italy according to the Times Higher Education, QS and Shanghai rankings:Times Higher EducationQS Top UniversitiesShanghai (ARWU)Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPolitecnico di MilanoU. Sapienza University of RomeScuola Normale Superiore di PisaU. di BolognaUniversity of PaduaU. di BolognaScuola Normale Superiore di PisaPolitecnico di MilanoVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityScuola Superiore Sant’AnnaU. di BolognaU. degli studi di TrentoU. Sapienza University of RomeU. di FlorenceIf your goal is to learn to speak Italian, you might be interested in the established Universita di Bologna. This university is renowned for its department of latin, and is known to be an Italian language powerhouse.If you know how to speak basic Italian and aren ’t so much interested in expanding your knowledge in Italian words and phrases as you are understanding the physics of motion or the principles of commerce, universities in Milan might be a better option.If you’re looking to take online, paid or free Italian courses on the side and simply want to work and explore Italian culture and life, Rome might be your best option due to its connection to the rest of the country and its rich history.Whatever your reason for moving to Italy for a semester or more, understand that communicating this goal to your family and academic advisors will make the journey much simpler. Take advantage of the many online resources and personal connections around you, and get ready to indulge in Italy’s dolce vita.

Learn to Draw Satirical Political Cartoons

Learn to Draw Satirical Political Cartoons How to Draw Satirical Illustration in the Press ChaptersThe History of Editorial DrawingEditorial Drawing: A Complex ArtBig Names in Editorial IllustrationHow do You Become an Editorial Illustrator?What type of drawing do you most enjoy?Do you like to base your art on dark humour or satire?Is your favourite part of the newspapers the sketches?Less common in the UK than they are in France, where political caricatures have an important position in the country’s cultural history, satirical drawings in the national press often provokes the reader to question their opinions on a topic.Expressing your views through your art with a simple pencil and paper as your drawing materials is often the most effective way to make your view known and to portray current affairs and society from a humorous angle.  â€œA successful drawing makes people laugh. When it has truly succeeded, it makes people think. If it makes people both laugh and think, it’s an excellent drawing.”This quotation from Tignous perfectly sums up the aim of editorial ill ustration.Let’s have a look at the history, characteristics and artists of editorial illustration. FernandoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EmmaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £75/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DavidDrawing Teacher 4.75 (4) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NatashaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (7) £37/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LorrenDrawing Teacher 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Julia janeDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EvelinaDrawing Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ZangmoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (6) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsThe History of Editorial DrawingThe birth of drawing in journalism can be traced back to the Renaissance, with evidence of satirical engravings, however, this style of art didn’t really take off until the French Revolution.Let’s go back in history and look at three key date s in the evolution of caricature drawings.1789 and Freedom of ExpressionIt all began with the French Revolution.The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which came out of the freedom of expression, had an impact on the development of satirical sketching, even with the constant threat to the lives of the artists.It wasn’t until the beginning of the 19th century that the very first satirical newspapers were compiled. These comic-like items included Le Charivari and La Caricature in the 1830’s.Political satire in the national press kept developing and its authors often found themselves in trouble with the law.This was the case for one Honoré Daumier, who was condemned to 6 months in prison for having depicted Louis-Philippe as a gluttonous king.Daumier's Gargantua appeared in La Caricature in 1831 ¦ source: WikipédiaSince then, many satirical artists have played a safe hand by sticking to social satire and avoiding controversial political humour.1881, a Transition al PhaseThe law on the free press changed the order in France. From this date, newspapers had the right to be published without having been authorised. The ban crept in progressively. With the third republic came the acceleration of this area, with illustrators tackling every theme from political to religious humour.This period became a golden age for editorial drawing.With the evolution of political newspapers and technical improvements in the printing industry, from 1870 to 1940 editorial illustration was everywhere.Press artists took on the controversial topics of their time such as the Dreyfus Affair, which divided French public opinion.Until the end of the Second World War, editorial illustration was everywhere, regardless of whether it appeared in general or satirical news items.1945, a New EraWith the end of the war, the beginning of the decline in ‘generalist’ press and the evolution of photography and television, many factors influenced drawing in the press.From 1945, n ewspapers began using photographs to illustrate their articles. Editorial illustration remained present in generalist newspapers, however, satirical news started to decline as the number of publications continued to fall.Today, satire in the French press is limited to only a few titles. These independent newspapers are wholly financed by their sales.Le Canard enchaîné, Founded in 1915, this current affairs paper is exclusively illustrated by editorial drawings.Charlie Hebdo, First published in 1970 by the Hara-Kiri team (a controversial magazine which was banned by the government), Charlie Hebdo is known around the world for its polemical material.Siné Mensuel, First hit shelves in 2011 and appeared alongside other satirical press after Siné, a former Charlie Hebdo artist, started his own paper.Editorial Drawing: A Complex ArtNewspaper drawings, also known as editorial illustrations are simple sketches, with or without text, which often take the form of comic strips.Editorial il lustrators are artists, but they are also journalists in their own right. This means that they have a good understanding of current affairs, and are therefore tasked with reporting on new stories through their pencil drawings, which are generally humorous or satirical.So, what’s the objective of journalistic illustration? To get the public’s attention, and to make them laugh! Everything that a technical drawing is not.This is something we forget all too often as their jokes, ironic twists and sarcastic overtones provoke a reaction of anger or disgust, making us forget the artist’s motive: to get our attention.For this reason, editorial illustration can reveal facts, give opinions and present a point of view through basic drawing skills such as shading techniques to create shadows in pencil drawing, or using a pen and ink to sharpen an outline.To make it as an editorial artist, you need to be quick-witted and have fantastic drawing skills ¦ source: Visualhunt - Alice Achterhof Uncovering, commenting, explaining, condemning, criticising, shocking and provoking debate are all common objectives among editorial artists, with some going further than others in certain areas.Regardless of the newspaper, story, or the artist’s personal objective, illustration in the press always invites the reader’s criticism.The line between humorous and satirical drawing is very thin, and any caricature or editorial artist should bear this in mind.Humorous drawing doesn’t go by the same rulebook. Sometimes, humorous drawings can achieve their aims purely through making a newspaper’s readership laugh, for example.Satirical drawings often evoke a feeling of shock. Not everyone will necessarily react in the same way to these drawings, regardless of the story they depict, as reactions to such pieces depend on the beliefs of each individual.Satire often touches on taboo subjects, and this is why they are frequently subject to debate. One such example is the depiction of Maho met in Charlie Hebdo.so, how do you get into editorial illustration?Artists often use a number of ways to reach their objective:Practicing their caricature drawing skillsProvoking a responseUsing stereotypesIronyPunsDark humourComparisonExaggerationSelf-deprecation and humour also allow artists to look at a news item in an objective way by distancing themselves from it and expressing their personal opinion on the matter at hand.Editorial illustrators are not obliged to give any view of a story but their own, putting them in a position as observers of the world around us, taking inspiration from current affairs and making the general public laugh with their interpretations.As Cabu said:“We are not messengers. We are simply clowns, entertainers […]. Humour is a language that I have always loved. Our objective is to rid the world of idiocy by making people laugh.”Big Names in Editorial IllustrationEvery era has its renowned artists. It’s impossible to name them all, but there a re some which cannot go unmentioned.Among them are some of the victims of the attack on the Charlie Hebdo offices in January 2015 whose names have become symbols for freedom of expression in France:Charb  had been the manager of Charlie Hebdo since 2009. He had participated in the paper’s relaunch. He also drew for Mon Quotidien â€" a children’s newspaper.Wolinski, had been involved in the creation of a newspaper named L’Enragé with Siné in 1968, and had also contributed to Hara-Kiri. He had worked for JDD, L’Humanité and the Nouvel Observateur.Cabu, also worked for Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo, but his drawings could also be found in Le Monde, Rock n’Folk, le Figaro and Nouvel Observateur.Honoré, worked for many titles including Le Monde, Libération and InrockupiblesTignous, whose art was published in Charlie Hebdo and Marianne.Certain artists are so well-known for their editorial work that their names are often associated with certain newspapers. One such person in P lantu, whose work is featured in Le Monde. Plantu is also a founding member of Cartooning for Peace.How do You Become an Editorial Illustrator?Illustrators who work in journalism often end up working for several different newspapers.Apart from the big names in the business, a large part of the profession involves some level of precariousness and taking on various roles. Young artists tend towards other types of illustration and writing comic books.Do you dream of becoming an editorial illustrator?If you want to create a successful humorous sketch, you first need to get to grips with drawing basics. Mastering this includes learning how to draw faces and the human body, learning about caricature, trying out digital drawing on a tablet and learning about rendering, but also respecting the rules of proportion and one point perspective drawing.It may seem like a lot of hard work, but as you learn how to make still life appear three dimensional, pick up drawing tips from step by step draw ing tutorials, and practice skills such as cross hatching, creating negative space, contour drawing, blending, and how to control your paintbrush strokes to create textures, you will acquire valuable experience which will serve you when you start to draw cartoons.The drawing techniques used in editorial illustration are a far cry from the realism of observational drawing â€" this is down to the difference in objective.In realistic drawing and painting, the aim is to realistically depict an object or person, whereas editorial illustration is more about cartooning and caricature. This means that the artist must learn how to draw a person, an  idea or a story by picking out the important traits and exaggerating them in a humoristic way.This means that if you want to break into the profession, you’ll have to learn about the art of drawing in all of its forms as well as learning to appreciate editorial illustrations in detail.So, before you dive into cartoon drawing, it helps a great d eal to have practiced  portrait drawing, accurately drawing people, drawing faces, eye drawing, learning how to draw hands, copying, freehand drawing, learning to draw flowers, looking into drawing animals to move away from human figure drawing, gesture drawing, trying to see basic shapes in complex objects, trying to accurately draw a sphere, and even using an eraser to highlight areas. All of these things will ensure that you have a sketchbook that shows your experience as an artist in training your mind how to create different effects.Don't try to run before you can walk: master the basics, and then move on to caricature drawing ¦ source: Pixabay - AlexandruPetreBuilding a sketch pad that acts as a demonstration of your ability to produce a variety of different styles including everything from doodling to portraiture with a charcoal pencil will allow others to appreciate your artistic talent and also teaches you to take pride in your work.You’ll have to work hard and make sure you have a good understanding of key issues to be able to tell stories through drawing.As an editorial illustrator, several qualities will be asked of you:Awareness of cultural issuesAttention to detailImaginationCuriosityA creative mindKnowing how to inform the general public about a topic whilst also providing a commentary with a certain degree of humour is no easy feat. When faced with a blank sheet of paper, it is essential that you have the creative ability and critical skills to produce a piece of journalism with your drawing techniques, including  colored pencils, a paintbrush, graphite pencil, chalk, oil pastel, watercolor paints or charcoal.Need help perfecting your artistic talent? Why not solicit the help of a art tutor for drawing lessons. With Superprof you can find a drawing class London, a cartoon course in Manchester and everything in between.

Tips for Being Introverted in an Extroverted Work Environment - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Tips for Being Introverted in an Extroverted Work Environment - Introvert Whisperer Tips for Being Introverted in an Extroverted Work Environment Working in an office has its benefits. As an introvert, I have difficulties staying focused in an upbeat work environment. It is a learning process to cope with a workspace that doesnt mesh with your personality type. Hopefully these tips can make life a little easier to be an introvert in an extroverted workplace. Find a Quiet Place Some offices have the luxury of a quiet room, or a place where people can go to work with a little less noise. Making use of that resource is important. If you do not have a quiet room it is important to find a space where you can step away and take a break for a moment. This will allow you to recover and refresh a little bit. This is also useful for processing and absorbing information after a meeting. I find that taking walks is a good way to get some fresh air, and help me wind down from the hectic office space. Plug In Bringing headphones or a headset to work is key. Even if you have trouble focusing while listening to music, cutting down surrounding sound can also be beneficial. Trying different genres of music that are softer or on a low volume can be helpful for dulling the noises around you. Change Desk Locations At my work, we do not have cubicles. Instead, we have desks arranged in blocks and groupings. You are always working directly next to coworkers. If you are in a similar position, moving to a desk that is against a wall or farther from people can be helpful. If you get distracted by movement then try to have a desk that is facing a wall. That way it limits distraction when people walk by your desk. Focus on Listening Introverts are typically good listeners. It is much easier for introverts to absorb information in quiet environments. I find that if you have a lot of meetings to go to it is helpful to listen rather than get worried about having to speak up. Being able to think about the meeting and reflect on it is more productive. Later you can discuss the topics of the meeting in a more comfortable environment. But Speak Up Also   As an introvert you may not be inclined to be outwardly engaged in conversation, but if you have a good idea or a witty comment dont be afraid to speak up. Introverts have awesome and creative minds so it is good to let people know what you are thinking sometimes.  If you know you need to talk during a meeting it is best to go over what you are saying. Plan on what you need to cover and try not to get too worked up about talking. Overall Do what makes you feel the most comfortable and productive. Being able to manage working in an extroverted workplace can be a useful skill for everyday life. We all see introverts and extroverts every day so understanding work style is beneficial to both personality types. A good balance is important and the creative introverted mind is never something to take for granted. Author bio: McKinley is a 22-year-old recent graduate from The College of Idaho.  She is a freelance journalist who enjoys hanging out with her cat Meeko. Her pastimes include blogging, snowboarding, and playing Mario Kart. You can usually find McKinley on the couch watching 300 (her favorite movie).   CAREER ACCELERATION Do you know what your next career step is? Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable. Get your copy now and start your action plan today: CLICK HERE!

Five Characteristics of Highly Effective Teachers

Five Characteristics of Highly Effective Teachers You got into teaching for a reason: to make a lasting impact on students lives. So how can you do that? Here are five characteristics of the best, most effective teachers: A passion for the craft of teaching and for helping students learn is essential to being an influential teacher. The best teachers let their enthusiasm show in the classroom. They arent afraid to share why they love a subject, and that excitement is often contagious. Excellent teachers want their students to learn. That means theyre always willing to take the time to help them understand something and overcome challenges. They are committed to guiding students toward greater learning. Compassion is important in teaching. And a patient, kind disposition is likely to be more successful than one that is more authoritative in nature. Thats not to say teachers cannot be strict and hold students to high standards. However, teachers can create great outcomes when they get to know their students as individuals and show them that they care. Some students are more naturally motivated than others, but great teachers are good at connecting all types of students to a subject. They try to make subjects interesting, of course, but they are also skilled at convincing students of the value and importance of learning. They pay attention to how their students respond to their methods and adjust when needed. Embracing a growth mindset. Every teacher wants their students to believe that they are capable of growing their skills and knowledge if they put in the effort. When they embrace this stance, it rubs offand they will see increased student growth and motivation. Learning isnt easy for all students, but the more you can make your classroom a safe space where students are treated as capable learners, the more effective you will be.